Diegetic sound is sound that exists within the world or diegesis of the film, for example when someone closes the door you sound of it shutting is diegetic since it is made and heard within the world of the film.
Non-diegetic is the opposite, it is sound that may not exist within the world of the film or simply can't be heard by other characters for example in action scenes quick pace music is often playing even when the characters fighting are not near a music source. Or a narration may be an example of non-diegetic sound if the character narrating is not seen on screen or in the location that the narration takes place. Sound can switch back and forth from diegetic and non-diegetic for example in Lord Of The Rings: Two Towers after Sam saves Frodo from the Nazgul he begins to talk about stories, which starts of as diegetic sound since it is sound within in the scene however as his narration continues the scene cuts to the battle at Helm's Deep that is happening at the same time at this point the sound is now Non-Diegetic since the characters at the battle can't hear Sam and his voice is not at that scene.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xDD7egEN2k
Sound Bridges are also examples of sound that starts of non-diegetic before becoming diegetic, for example during a scene a phone may be heard ringing before there is a cut showing the phone being picked up. The noise of the phone starts of non-diegetic but then becomes diegetic when the phone is shown on screen.
A juxtaposition is where two text with two different meanings are placed side by side to create a completely different meaning. For example in BBC's Sherlock as Moriarty steals the crown jewels classical music is playing as he causes chaos. This is done to create comedy, since Moriarty is portrayed as a funny character who is however still threatening this is why the visuals show him easily stealing the crown.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwoPSdtFqHg
A Wild Track is sound that is recorded to link dialog together, this sound is usually the noise in the environment before any dialog is spoken, for example if the characters are going to speak in the woods than the sound of the woods alone will be recorded. If the characters are going to speak in a room then the white noise of the room will be recorded. This means that when the dialog is recorded and put together it will won't sound like two different recording because the wild track will run in the background linking them together. This helps to create continuity and make the scene run smoother.
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Foley sound is a recording of sound made to be put in films, cartoons etc. when the naturally recording either didn't catch the original sound or needs to be emphasized more. In the case of cartoons apart from the dialog all of the sound is foley sound since animation does not create sound all of the noise must be recorded usually in post-production and placed in the final product. For example in Star Wars the sound of the doors closing and opening is made by recording a piece of paper sliding out of an envelope.
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